สถิติ
เปิดเมื่อ28/01/2015
อัพเดท10/11/2023
ผู้เข้าชม1649730
แสดงหน้า2105098
ปฎิทิน
March 2024
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
     
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
      
สมาชิก

สมัครสมาชิก | ลืมรหัสผ่าน

ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์

อ่าน 484508 | ตอบ 7749
ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์ (อังกฤษ: tungsten carbide) มีสูตรเคมีคือ WC ในรูปพื้นฐานจะมีลักษณะเป็นผงสีเทาละเอียด มี 2 โครงสร้างคือแบบหกเหลี่ยม (α-WC) และแบบลูกบาศก์ (β-WC)
 
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์เตรียมได้จากการทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนกับคาร์บอนที่อุณหภูมิ 1400–2000 °C[3] หรือให้ความร้อนกับทังสเตนไตรออกไซด์และแกรไฟต์โดยตรงที่ 900 °C หรือในแก๊สไฮโดรเจนที่ 670 °C ตามด้วยการคาร์บิวไรเซชันในแก๊สอาร์กอนที่ 1000 °C[4] หรือใช้วิธีการเคลือบด้วยไอเคมี เช่น
  • ทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนเฮกซะคลอไรด์กับไฮโดรเจนและมีเทนที่อุณหภูมิ 670 °C (1,238 °F)
 WCl6 + H2 + CH4 WC + 6 HCl
  • ทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนเฮกซะฟลูออไรด์กับไฮโดรเจนและเมทานอลที่อุณหภูมิ 350 °C (662 °F)
                WF6 + 2 H2 + CH3OH → WC + 6 HF + H2O
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์มีจุดหลอมเหลวที่ 2,870 °C (5,200 °F) และจุดเดือดที่ 6,000 °C (10,830 °F) มีความแข็งระดับ 9 ตามมาตราโมสและประมาณ 2600 ตามมาตราวิกเคอส์[5] ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์มีความแข็งเกร็งมากกว่าเหล็กกล้าประมาณ 2 เท่า มีค่ามอดุลัสของยังประมาณ 530–700 GPa (77,000–102,000 ksi)[2][6][5][7] โมดูลัสของแรงบีบอัด 630–655 GPa และโมดูลัสของแรงเฉือน 274 GPa[8]
 
ด้วยคุณสมบัติความแข็งและทนความร้อนสูง ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์จึงใช้ทำเป็นเครื่องมือตัดหรือหัวเจาะ ใช้ทำกระสุนเจาะเกราะ เครื่องมือผ่าตัด อุปกรณ์กีฬา เครื่องประดับและอื่น ๆ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
อ้างอิง
 
  1. Kurlov, p. 22
  2. Blau, Peter J. (2003). Wear of Materials. Elsevier. p. 1345. ISBN 978-0-08-044301-0.
  3. Pierson, Hugh O. (1992). Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Principles, Technology, and Applications. William Andrew Inc. ISBN 0-8155-1300-3.
  4. Zhong, Y.; Shaw, L. (2011). 'A study on the synthesis of nanostructured WC–10 wt% Co particles from WO3 , Co3O4 , and graphite'. Journal of Materials Science 46 (19): 6323–6331. Bibcode:2011JMatS..46.6323Z. doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4937-y.
  5. Groover, Mikell P. (2010). Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems. John Wiley & Sons. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-470-46700-8.
  6. Kurlov, p. 3
  7. Cardarelli, François (2008). Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 640–. ISBN 978-1-84628-669-8.
  8. Kurlov, pp. 30, 135
  9. Sprince, NL.; Chamberlin, RI.; Hales, CA.; Weber, AL.; Kazemi, H. (1984). 'Respiratory disease in tungsten carbide production workers'. Chest 86 (4): 549–557. PMID 6434250. doi:10.1378/chest.86.4.549.
  10. 12th Report on Carcinogens'. National Toxicology Program. http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc12. เรียกข้อมูลเมื่อ 2011-06-24.
ความคิดเห็น :
921
อ้างอิง

escortcity
 
 
 
 
 
 
https://www.madinamerica.com/forums/users/gurgaonescorts/
 
https://tawk.to/d28396a34c2f5cf3169ab0f11c916e490d2d0d4d
 
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.escortcity.in/
escortcity [103.59.75.xxx] เมื่อ 10/11/2021 14:05
922
อ้างอิง

the brand chapter

 
http://connect.releasewire.com/profile/455326
https://en.everybodywiki.com/User:Thebrandchapter
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

https://www.free-ebooks.net/profile/1344485/thebrand-chapter
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.thebrandchapter.com
the brand chapter [103.59.75.xxx] เมื่อ 10/11/2021 14:13
923
อ้างอิง

noor

مبيعات تكييف يونيون اير

  • أدت كفاءة تكييف يونيون اير المتطور إلى شدة الإقبال عليه من قِبل عدد كبير من العملاء وحازت تكييفات يونيون اير الحديثة على نسبة مبيعات عالية ومدهشة لم تحققها من قبل.
  • ووجدنا أن هذه الشركة تقدم خدمة مبيعات راقية ومتطورة وفي غاية السرعة.
  • مبيعات يونيون اير مريحة لكل العملاء وتقدم للعميل أكثر من وسيلة يمكنه من خلالها الإستمتاع بأقوى خدمة شراء مريحة وسريعة وممتعة وتضمن كافة حقوق العميل.
  • يمكنك حجز وشراء تكييف يونيون اير إما عن طريق التواصل مع التوكيل المعتمد والذهاب إلى الفرع القريب من موقعك أو من خلال أرقام مبيعات تكييف يونيون اير والخط الساخن.
  • وفي كل الأحوال ستجد أن المبيعات الخاصة بهم على أعلى مستوى من الرقي والتحضر والسرعة والراحة الكاملة للعملاء.
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://unionairemsr.com/unionaire-air-conditioning-prices/
noor [156.198.190.xxx] เมื่อ 10/11/2021 14:32
924
อ้างอิง

Make New Friends
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://buddiesbuzz.com
Make New Friends [191.101.61.xxx] เมื่อ 10/11/2021 20:44
925
อ้างอิง

Mumbai Call Girls


https://www.mayapatel.in
https://www.mayapatel.in/andheri-escorts.php
https://www.mayapatel.in/borivali-escorts.php
https://www.mayapatel.in/bandra-call-girls.php
https://www.mayapatel.in/thane-escorts.php
https://www.mayapatel.in/vashi-escorts.php
https://www.mayapatel.in/ghatkopar
https://www.mayapatel.in/churchgate-escorts.php
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.mayapatel.in
Mumbai Call Girls [115.96.216.xxx] เมื่อ 10/11/2021 21:20
926
อ้างอิง

Pune Call Girls

https://www.punedolls.in/
https://www.punedolls.in/baner-escorts.php
https://www.punedolls.in/wakad-escorts-girl.php
https://www.punedolls.in/deccan-call-girls.php
https://www.punedolls.in/mundhwa-escorts.php
https://www.punedolls.in/call-girls-in-kalyani-nagar.php
https://www.punedolls.in/vishrantwadi-escorts.php
https://www.punedolls.in/pimple-saudagar-call-girls.php
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.punedolls.in
Pune Call Girls [115.96.216.xxx] เมื่อ 10/11/2021 21:21
927
อ้างอิง
Now you can get your lady in your bedroom in your bed as long as you want. The house service sex is offering our clients to be comfortable and invite the girls in their home. Serving men for all these years, we have seen many of our clients love their bedrooms more than anything. If you are one of them, then you can take my Mumbai Escorts to your place. 
 
Therefore my Mumbai Escort Service arranges sex services at five-star hotels. So, more luxury and comfort are residing here if you can manage to come. We have always kept our door open for all our clients and the booking rates are cheaper for both the services. Similarly, we try to make our hotel services as luxurious as possible so that you can enjoy everything.
 
To know more about us, go to my escort website and get your booking from there. An instant discount will be added in the time you are checking out with an additional offer. The offer will be on your next booking and you can enjoy even more perks there. My Mumbai Escorts are waiting for you to come and spend time with us. 
 
So, join us in our sexual adventure in your bedroom or in our Mumbai Escort Service. We are waiting for you with all the amazing erotic services and its fun games and late-night parties.

Mumbai Escorts
Mumbai Escort Service
Navi Mumbai Escorts
Escort Service In Mumbai
 
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://escortagencyinmumbai.com/
sweetheartpriya003 [122.161.53.xxx] เมื่อ 11/11/2021 13:09
928
อ้างอิง

Islamabad Call Girls | Physical Pleasure
https://beautifulslamabadgirls.blogspot.com/2021/08/Physical-Pleasure.html
https://beautifulslamabadgirls.blogspot.com/2021/08/Sexual-Gratification.html
https://beautifulslamabadgirls.blogspot.com/2021/08/Physical-Pleasure.html
https://beautifulslamabadgirls.blogspot.com/2021/08/Sexual-Gratification.html
https://escortsislamabad.tumblr.com/post/661135063090708480/you-have-valuable-opportunity-on-escorts-in
https://islamabadcallgirls.xyz/post/661136013395148800/famous-young-call-girls-are-skilled
https://beautifulslamabadgirls.blogspot.com/2021/08/Physical-Pleasure.html
https://beautifulslamabadgirls.blogspot.com/2021/08/Sexual-Gratification.html
https://escortsislamabad.tumblr.com/post/661135063090708480/you-have-valuable-opportunity-on-escorts-in
https://islamabadcallgirls.xyz/post/661136013395148800/famous-young-call-girls-are-skilled
https://escortislamabad.gumroad.com/p/enjoy-with-sexiest-islamabad-escorts
https://medium.com/@islamabadescorts06/why-to-hire-escorts-girl-in-islamabad-68d4c6cff6b7
http://escortsislamabad.pbworks.com/w/page/146241378/ISLAMABAD%20ESCORTS
https://sexgroupwhatsapp.blogspot.com/2021/07/porn-movies-online%20.html
https://seedandspark.com/user/fally-butt
https://beautifulslamabadgirls.blogspot.com/2021/08/Physical-Pleasure.html
https://beautifulslamabadgirls.blogspot.com/2021/08/Sexual-Gratification.html
https://escortsislamabad.tumblr.com/post/661135063090708480/you-have-valuable-opportunity-on-escorts-in
https://islamabadcallgirls.xyz/post/661136013395148800/famous-young-call-girls-are-skilled
https://escortislamabad.gumroad.com/p/enjoy-with-sexiest-islamabad-escorts
https://medium.com/@islamabadescorts06/why-to-hire-escorts-girl-in-islamabad-68d4c6cff6b7
http://escortsislamabad.pbworks.com/w/page/146241378/ISLAMABAD%20ESCORTS
https://sexgroupwhatsapp.blogspot.com/2021/07/porn-movies-online%20.html
https://seedandspark.com/user/fally-butt
https://iq.worldcrunch.com/profile/31829
https://escortsislamabad.webgarden.com/section-1/about-us
https://piqs.de/user/escortsislamabad12/
https://heroes.app/blogs/51099/5-Advantage-of-having-Islamabad-escorts
https://kruthai.com/read-blog/62796
https://uolsocial.socioon.com/read-blog/16580_you-want-escorts-in-islamabad.html
https://catbuzzy.com/read-blog/42662
https://likekaba.com/read-blog/70755
Islamabad escorts girls can directly illuminate the point of view of your esteemed association client and get them to fall on their heels. You can secretly book an Islamabad call girl young lady for a lone wolf or a happy gathering. For the fun festival, you can sing your favorite song from Islamabad Escort, Charming Air Ladies, Hot School Girls, Breathless Personality Independent Homemakers or you can do whatever you want to make your part look fabulous.
 
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://beautifulslamabadgirls.blogspot.com/2021/08/Physical-Pleasure.html
Islamabad Call Girls | Physical Pleasure [103.173.6.xxx] เมื่อ 11/11/2021 15:03
929
อ้างอิง

Top Lahore PK
Welcome to our Call girls in Lahore Agency and with so many types of acceptable support offers and not many people who really work hard and a lot of people are at any event, Explain that the people involved want to appreciate the completeness and improvement as needed. First and foremost, the Lahore Escorts Agency continues to provide high-quality support and this explains why there are so many types of fixations that are offering so many types of management that many would say there are those who are extraordinarily intelligent and also energetic. Meeting the needs of a capable young woman is certainly not an easy task.
https://charminggirlsservices.blogspot.com/2021/08/Lahore-Escorts.html
https://ello.co/sanaahmad/post/io19bos4bzgnvrh0vvqjsq
https://charminggirlsservices.blogspot.com/2021/08/INDEPENDENT-LAHORE-ESCORTS.html
https://charminggirlsservices.blogspot.com/2021/08/Pleasure-Your-Night.html
https://charminggirlsservices.blogspot.com/2021/08/Hot-Girls-in-Lahore.html
https://lahorecallgirls.xyz/post/661031500385484800/why-luxury-is-escorts-in-lahore-the-best
https://click4r.com/posts/g/2439646/lahore-call-girls-at-your-door-steps
https://toplahoreescorts.gumroad.com/p/offer-sexual-services-on-lahore-escorts
https://medium.com/@lahoregirls93/contact-independent-lahore-escorts-5bbbcac291c2
http://toplahorepk.pbworks.com/w/page/146213265/Top%20Lahore%20PK
https://toplahoreescortspk.mystrikingly.com/
https://payhip.com/b/XGWgo
https://hire.careerbliss.com/company/top-lahore-escorts/
https://lahoregirls93.wixsite.com/toplahoreescorts
https://lahoregirls93.substack.com/p/model-girls-in-lahore-are-here-to?justPublished=true
https://pastoral-wound-260.notion.site/Best-Uses-of-Durex-13b52f813b324fd1aaa91555811f58dd
https://slides.com/toplahoreescorts
https://iq.worldcrunch.com/profile/31774
https://toplahoreescorts.webgarden.com/
https://visual.ly/community/Others/entertainment/sex-education
https://61603b3c1d3c0.site123.me/
https://lahore-babes.jimdosite.com/
https://chatyour.net/social/read-blog/12469
https://www.campusacada.com/blogs/4994/Lahore-Escorts-Girls
https://heroes.app/blogs/51101/All-Kind-of-Foreign-and-Casual-Escorts
https://kruthai.com/read-blog/62804
https://uolsocial.socioon.com/read-blog/16603_this-adult-entertainment-agency-specializes.html
https://catbuzzy.com/read-blog/42668
https://likekaba.com/read-blog/70756
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : http://toplahorepk.pbworks.com/w/page/146213265/Top%20Lahore%20PK
Top Lahore PK [103.173.6.xxx] เมื่อ 11/11/2021 15:04
930
อ้างอิง

model Escorts
Get the services of a reliable Islamabad Escort Center for unique experiences. Call girl in Islamabad can earn income from advanced women's skirts to have a good time of her life. Pakistani information technology metropolis has a population from across the state. The first-class range is further from the special aspects of the world. Such a diverse group of customers offers a selection of different types of stimuli that can flourish in the city.
https://islamabadcallgirls90.blogspot.com/
https://islamabadcallgirls99.blogspot.com/
https://islamabadcallgirl99.blogspot.com/
https://islamabadcallgirls888.blogspot.com/
https://callgirlinislamabad55.blogspot.com/
https://callgirlsinislamabad44.blogspot.com/
https://escortinislamabad99.blogspot.com/
https://islamabadescort77.blogspot.com/
https://islamabadcallgirls43.blogspot.com/
https://escortinislamabad890.blogspot.com/
https://islamabadescorts679.blogspot.com/
https://islamabadcallgirl.business.blog/2021/07/15/our-islamabad-independent-escorts-are-ready-to-for-you/
https://islamabadcallgirl.business.blog/2021/07/15/you-can-meet-one-of-our-high-profile-islamabad-escorts-girls/
https://islamabadcallgirlgames.sport.blog/2021/07/15/we-discover-your-imagination-with-islamabad-escorts/
https://islamabadcallgirl.travel.blog/2021/07/15/vip-escort-girls-in-islamabad-are-more-comfortable/
https://islamabadcallgirltour.travel.blog/2021/07/16/how-to-choose-azad-islamabad-call-girls-for-dinner-dates/
https://islamabadcallgirl.fashion.blog/2021/07/16/we-offer-different-sexual-experiences-to-satisfy-our-clients/
https://islamabadcallgirl.fashion.blog/2021/07/16/have-ultimate-fun-at-the-party-with-islamabad-girls/
https://islamabadcallgirl.news.blog/2021/07/16/make-youre-sexual-desires-real-with-islamabad-escorts/
https://islamabadcallgirl.law.blog/2021/07/16/find-the-true-love-through-islamabad-escorts/
https://islamabadcallgirl.fitness.blog/2021/07/16/enjoy-and-experience-endless-pleasures-with-islamabad-girls/
https://islamabadcallgirl.fitness.blog/2021/07/16/our-escort-girls-are-working-honestly-to-serve-our-clients/
https://islamabadcallgirl.food.blog/2021/07/16/why-you-should-pick-escorts-from-our-agency-in-islamabad/
https://islamabadcallgirl.food.blog/2021/07/16/our-islamabad-call-girls-are-ready-to-be-your-porn-star/
https://islamabadcallgirl.science.blog/2021/07/16/islamabad-escort-is-focused-on-providing-complete-satisfaction/
https://islamabadcallgirlmovies.video.blog/2021/07/16/islamabad-escorts-are-well-educated-and-modern/
https://islamabadcallgirlgames.game.blog/2021/07/16/call-girls-services-for-you-in-islamabad/
https://islamabadcallgirl.art.blog/2021/07/16/every-moment-will-be-more-thrilling-with-islamabad-escort/
https://ameblo.jp/islamabadcallgirl/entry-12703193021.html
https://plaza.rakuten.co.jp/islamabadcall/
https://www.wattpad.com/1140643300-qualities-of-escorts-girls-in-islamabad-spending
https://islamabadcallgirl.bigcartel.com/product/islamabad-call-girls-services-provider
https://forums.iis.net/members/islamabadcallgirl.aspx
https://glistening-marquess-7ff.notion.site/Islamabad-Call-Girls-have-the-ability-to-handle-your-needs-9a864775ea004efda96c81478ea9868b
https://slides.com/islamabadcallgirl
https://events.eventzilla.net/e/islamabadcallgirl-2138830057
https://iq.worldcrunch.com/profile/31832
https://islamabadcallgirl.webgarden.com/
https://piqs.de/user/islamabadcallgirl/
https://www.slidebatch.com/spend-a-night-with-islamabad-call-girls
https://telegra.ph/Date-with-a-hot-girl-10-20
https://visual.ly/users/islamabadcallgirl/portfolio
https://islamabadescortspk.jimdosite.com/
https://616043cde5c81.site123.me/
https://chatyour.net/social/read-blog/12471
https://heroes.app/blogs/51103/Escorts-Services-Near-Me
https://kruthai.com/read-blog/62807
https://uolsocial.socioon.com/read-blog/16625_sophisticated-date-with-islamabad-call-girls.html
https://catbuzzy.com/read-blog/42672
https://likekaba.com/read-blog/70857
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://islamabadescorts66.blogspot.com/
model Escorts [103.173.6.xxx] เมื่อ 11/11/2021 15:04
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776
ความคิดเห็นของผู้เข้าชม
ชื่อผู้แสดงความคิดเห็น :
สถานะ : รหัสผ่าน :
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง :
รหัสความปลอดภัย :